Friday, July 18, 2025

Observations on ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας

“[Soul-]saving forgiveness [of sins]” (λασμν σωτηρίας).  This phrase does not make good sense in English:  “the pardon of salvation,” “the propitiation of salvation” etc. 
First, we must settle the definition of ­λα­σμός.  Throughout the hymns ancient and modern, λασμν μαρτιν (which looks as if it is based on 1 John 4.10), λασμν τν πταισμάτων and λασμν πταικότων appear regularly.  We note in particular that St. John of Damascus uses such expressions as πταισμάτων λασμόν, πλημμελημάτων λασμόν, λασμν κα φεσιν τν πταισμάτων in his Theotokarion.  We read also in the Triodion (canon 1, ode 9 of Monday of Cheesefare) that the fast is ες μαρτημάτων ποτροπάς κα λασμν σωτήριον, where the parallelism cinches our conclusion that the hymnographers seem to regard λασμόν as a synonym for φεσις.
How does λασμν σωτηρίας fit together?  The crucial fact is that λασμν κα σωτηραν κα μγα λεος is a common collocation in the hymns of the church.  No monastic hymnographer can escape seeing this collocation on a regular basis in the cycles of the services, particularly in the Menaion. 
This collocation can be broken up:  we find in the hymns λασμν κα θεον λεος and λασμν κα σωτηραν.  E.g., St. Gerasimos also writes λασμν τν σωτήριον, Παύλου τος λόγοις ς κομίσω (“when you received the salvific forgiveness by the words of Paul”) (St. Lydia of Philippi [May 20]).  
We can therefore suppose that λασμν σωτηρίας and λασμν τν σωτήριον are intended as poetic renderings of λασμν κα σωτηραν.  The exact construction of λασμν σωτηρίας I take in Wallace’s framework as an attributive genitive, which masks the attributive adjective as a genitive complement.  Apparently St. Gerasimos regarded λασμν κα σωτηραν as hendiadys.   

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Observations on ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας

“[Soul-]saving forgiveness [of sins]” ( ἱ λασμ ὸ ν σωτηρίας).  This phrase does not make good sense in English:  “the pardon of salvation,” ...