“[Soul-]saving
forgiveness [of sins]” (ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας). This phrase does not make good sense in
English: “the pardon of salvation,” “the propitiation of salvation”
etc.
First, we must settle the definition of ἱλασμός.
Throughout the hymns ancient and modern, ἱλασμὸν ἁμαρτιῶν (which looks as if it is based on 1 John 4.10), ἱλασμὸν τῶν πταισμάτων and ἱλασμὸν ἐπταικότων appear regularly. We note in particular that
St. John of Damascus uses such expressions as πταισμάτων ἱλασμόν, πλημμελημάτων ἱλασμόν,
ἱλασμὸν καὶ ἄφεσιν τῶν πταισμάτων
in his Theotokarion. We read also in the Triodion (canon 1, ode 9 of
Monday of Cheesefare) that the fast is εἰς
ἁμαρτημάτων ἀποτροπάς καὶ ἱλασμὸν σωτήριον, where the parallelism cinches our conclusion
that the hymnographers seem to regard ἱλασμόν
as a synonym for ἄφεσις.
How does ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας fit together? The crucial fact is that ἱλασμὸν καὶ σωτηρίαν καὶ μέγα ἔλεος is a common collocation in the hymns of the
church. No monastic hymnographer can escape seeing this collocation on a
regular basis in the cycles of the services, particularly in the Menaion.
This collocation can be broken up: we
find in the hymns ἱλασμὸν καὶ θεῖον ἔλεος and ἱλασμὸν καὶ σωτηρίαν. E.g., St. Gerasimos also writes ἱλασμὸν τὸν σωτήριον, Παύλου τοῖς
λόγοις ὡς ἐκομίσω (“when you received the salvific forgiveness by the
words of Paul”) (St. Lydia of Philippi [May 20]).
We can therefore suppose that ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας and ἱλασμὸν τὸν σωτήριον are intended as poetic renderings of ἱλασμὸν καὶ σωτηρίαν. The exact construction of ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας I take in Wallace’s framework as an attributive
genitive, which masks the attributive adjective as a genitive complement. Apparently St. Gerasimos regarded ἱλασμὸν καὶ σωτηρίαν as hendiadys.
Friday, July 18, 2025
Observations on ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας
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Observations on ἱλασμὸν σωτηρίας
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