Sunday, May 21, 2023

THE SUPPLICATORY CANON TO ST. EPHRAIM OF NEA MAKRI

 Ode I.

Irmos.  After crossing the sea as if it were dry ground and escaping the wickedness of Egypt, the Israelite cried out:  Let us sing to God, our redeemer.

Distressed by many misfortunes and by bitter and cruel illnesses, I approach your reliquary with faith:  heal me, saint, by your intervention.

Power has been given to you by God to heal the torments of complicated diseases:  raise me—for I lie abed because of harsh sickness—so that I may glorify you, St. Ephraim, my savior.

Having fallen into the abyss of sin because of enemies visible and invisible, grant healing to me, your suppliant; your servant cries with tears to you.

Queen, Virgin, Mother of God:  As the glorious Mother of the Most High, do not cease to intercede for me a sinner, so that he may have mercy on me and save me from long-lasting diseases, all-pure one.

 

Ode III

Irmos.  You covered the vault of the sky with a roof, O Lord, and built the church; confirm me in your love, O summit of desires, support of the faithful and only clement Lord.

Having finally reached the end of my wits, painfully I cry to you:  Come quickly, Ephraim, to those who cry to you.  Stretch out your holy hand, raise me from my bed and grant good health to me, your slave, O saint.

I am distressed by the weight of my sins now and by the abyss of all my afflictions.  Avenge me, act quickly with your fervent mediation and utterly drive away the enemy at last, O saint, our most holy Father Ephraim, and grant calmness to my heart.

I have fallen now into harsh sicknesses, most holy Virgin.  Help me, for I have humbly put my hope in you.  Do not disregard me, O gracious Queen.  Save me, O pure one, by your Son, so that I may be rescued from damnation. 


Prayers after Ode III

Preserve your servants from dangers, O Mother of God, for after God we all take refuge in you, our unbreakable wall and protection. 

Look with goodwill upon the difficult distress of my body, O Mother of God who is hymned by all, and heal the pain of my soul.

Kathisma
You are an inexhaustible fountain of healings, O Father Ephraim, and a priest equal to the angels; wherefore we celebrate your agonies and divine martyrdom, which you endured for the sake of Christ the Bridegroom. Unceasingly entreat him, O saint, to have mercy on our souls.

Our fervent mediation and invincible fortress, our fountain of mercy and refuge for the world!  We cry to you ardently:  O Mother of God and Queen, come quickly and deliver us from dangers, for you alone protect us speedily.

 

Ode IV

Irmos.  I have heard, O Lord, the mystery of your dispensation; I have meditated on your works and glorified your divinity.

O defender of my soul, be my guide, O saint renowned; lay to rest my turmoil and grant peace to my heart.

I call upon you St. Ephraim, most worshipful priest.  Become the salvation of my suffering soul.  I call on you day and night.  Come speedily, St. Ephraim, and save your servant from his present suffering.

O Virgin Mother of God, do not disregard us wretched sinners who are in danger, but deliver us from every sin and bitter disease.

 

Ode V

Irmos.  Illumine us with your commandments, O Lord, and by your lofty arm grant us your peace, O merciful God.

Have mercy, Ephraim the wonderworker and saint of God, most worshipful priest, and guide us into the harbor of the will of the Most High, so that we may chant, Alleluia.

Fix us firmly on the rock of the faith on account of which you contended, O blessed one.  By your holy blood you strengthened the church of Christ and have made fast our wavering hearts, St. Efraim.

Do not despise our prayers, O saint of God, Ephraim, for you are a doctor, a most worshipful priest and a true friend of Christ.  We pray to you and call on you not to cease to intercede for our souls.

Hail, Mother of God, Queen, joy of all and our confident hope!  Hail, pure Mary, the strength of those who call on you!  Hail, divine consolation of our souls!


Ode VI

Irmos.  I will pour out my supplication to the Lord and to him will I declare my afflictions, for my soul has been filled with troubles and my life has approached Hades, so like Jonah I pray:  Raise me up from death, O God.

Receive my wretched petition and do not despise my tears, O saint, for the frailty of my soul and body has brought my life down even to Hades; but, as a sympathetic and merciful physician, grant healing to your suppliant.

Since you abound in the greatest boldness towards the Master, most worshipful priest, ask for peace for the world and grant health to your servants, O saint; raise me from this bed of sickness so that I may hymn my Savior.

Preserve from all kinds of diseases your servants, most holy and worshipful Ephraim, for you abound in boldness, wherefore do not despise us our petitions but deliver us from  dangers.


Prayers after Ode VI

Look in kindness upon the painful suffering of my body, Mother of God who is worthy to be praised by all, and heal the pain of my soul.

Kontakion in Tone 2
O Ephraim, you are the fervent protector of those who call on you and adornment of the saints:  Do not disregard the petitions of your servants, but in your sympathy come speedily  to the salvation of us who lie sick with painful diseases, so that we may cry with affection, Glory be to you, O God.

Do not reject me, though I have been led astray by the deceit of the crafty serpent who once thrust our ancestors out of Paradise; afflictions and painful sicknesses have surrounded me, and apart from you I have no other refuge, help or consolation.  In my wretchedness I take refuge in you, Ephraim, for you are the great physician of our souls.  O boast of the saints, do not abandon me.

No one who runs to you goes forth from you ashamed, without receiving healing.  Therefore your servant cries out with fervent faith, Have mercy on me.

I repent and cry from the depths of my heart, “I have sinned, have mercy on me, my holy Ephraim, though I am your unworthy suppliant, and grant me healing of soul and body.”

 

Ode VII

Irmos.  The youths from Judea, having come to Babylon of old, by their faith in the Trinity trampled down the flame of the furnace, chanting, O God of our fathers, blessed are you.

Abiding in great boldness by the throne of the Holy Trinity, remember the world and the salvation of us sinners and the strength of our Orthodox faith, so that we may chant unceasingly, Glory to you, our God.

Due to our various sins, we have met with a pitiable and utterly wretched fall and are not able to gaze at you, Saint of God, blessed Ephraim.  But raise us up from our weakness so that we may chant, Glory to you, our God.

Your unworthy servants pray, St. Ephraim, that you not reject the petitions that we make, crying out night and day to you.  Hear us as we compunctionately cry out with fear and affection.  Strengthen our Orthodox faith, on account of which you contended even to the shedding of blood, O saint.

Most favored Lady and Mother of God, the joy of the angels and the delight of all the saints, and the refuge and hope of us sinners!  We ask you, my most holy and all-pure Virgin, with my saint, Father Ephraim the hieromartyr, to intercede for peace for the world and concord for the church.

 

Ode VIII

Irmos.  The king of Heaven whom the hosts of angels hymn, hymn and exalt him above all forever.

Let us magnify, ye faithful, the leader of the faith in odes and hymns, for he has made of no effect the designs of the impious.  Therefore we chant, Blessed is the God of our fathers.

We magnify in odes and hymns Ephraim, who dwells with the angels in heavenly tabernacles, for the noble soldier and champion of Christ unceasingly intercedes for the salvation of our souls.

Let the assembly of all martyrs and ascetics gather with the hieromartyr Ephraim, the godly minded, and standing by the Holy Trinity, unceasingly pray for peace for the world and the strength of the church.

The choirs of the angels unceasingly celebrate in song the queen of Heaven, and with the saints and the ranks glorify her.  My all-holy Mother of God, beseech God with Ephraim the hieromartyr to strengthen the Orthodox faith and save our souls.

 

Ode IX

Irmos.  O Mother of God, we who have been saved through you fittingly confess you, and with the incorporeal choirs magnify you, O pure Virgin.

Godly minded and divinely inspired saint, we praise you, for through you have we been saved from various diseases; wherefore with affection we bless you, Ephraim.

We praise and bless the Lord of glory, who has glorified your memory, Father Ephraim, for you are the glory of the martyrs and the boast of the monks.

And I fall on my knees, Father Ephraim, begging you with tears to help me, your servant.  Receive my little hymn and save me, O saint.

Having borne the Lord of glory, we praise you, all-pure Queen, for you are the mother and boast of the Orthodox Christians.

 

 

ENDNOTES FOR THE CIRCUMSPECT

I thank my peerless Greek editor and my eagle-eyed English editor, my lawfully wedded, for their wonderful contributions to making this canon happen.  All remaining errors may ethically be blamed on me.

Source:  http://users.otenet.gr/~mystakid/Agios_Efraim.htm.

Ode I. 
“Illnesses”: 
σθενεία may refer generally to frailty of the flesh or weakness in moral purpose and fiber (Lampe) and so be rendered as infirmity.  It may also be used to mean illness or sickness and as such is virtually indistinguishable from νόσος.  Nόσος, however, starts with disease and plague and descends to madness, vice and torment (Montanari).  In the next troparion, νόσους is used to highlight that tormenting quality of illness.
“Has been given”:  The original misspells
δόθη as δόθει, which is one of a number of disquieting clues to the quality of the Greek of this hymn.
“Complicated” renders ποικίλων, which can also mean varied, difficult, profound. 
"Intervention" seems like the most straightforward translation of μεσιτεία, which usually is rendered mediation, a word which our "early-prowling, base-informing, sad-litigious plaguy ways" 
(Aristophanes' expression, which in Greek is a single word) have given a very dreary meaning.  

“Queen, Virgin, Mother of God”:  good example of how hymnographers like to pile up their invocations to produce a figure of repetition.  Our hymnographer surpasses even this example in the theotokion of Ode V.

“All-pure” or “wholly pure” seems the best way to put Πανάμωμε.  “All-blameless” means nothing in English—who uses that translationese?  Bauer rightly observes that the term was used to mean unblemished in the case of sacrificial animals or men in ritual contexts but also blameless in  religious contexts.  I do not think that we call the Mother of God blameless in the same sense that we speak of a blameless man.  In his 44th homily on Matthew, St. John Chrysostom speaks of Christ correcting his mother, so she is not all-blameless in that sense.  Montanari adds as later developments immaculate or pure.  These extensions make “all-immaculate” and “all-pure” viable, where all means wholly or entirely.  As an epithet of extreme affection, “all-pure” makes sense.  Forcing this term of endearment to carry a dogmatic burden is silly.

Ode III. 

“Come quickly” is the Demotic definition of πρόφθασον, which in Classical Greek means roughly to act pre-emptively.  This is a favorite verb of the hymnographers. 
“Avenging me” is conjectural.  I suppose that
κτίω comes from κτνω, which Pape and Shrevelius define as avenge, take revenge for.  The case of the pronoun is not right, but that is an issue even in Classical Greek.
The third troparion in Ode III is identical to the kathisma, which is chanted after Ode III.  Until I can speak with an expert on hymnography to clear up this puzzlement, I am inclined to regard the appearance of the kathisma in two places as suspect.

Prayers after Ode III.
“Wall” (τε
χος) but later “fortress.”
“O defender.” The Greek
στατο is borrowed from Latin hastatus (one armed with a spear; German Speerträger).  This word shows up in an inscription as adstato.  I guess it is a kenning (a roundabout, poetic expression) for defender.  The fact that the hymnographer thought it was neuter or could not remember the acc. sg. m. form of the definite article may betray modern Greek influence.  The theme of this kenning is comparable to the military and sports references in Ode VIII (πλίτην καί θλητήν [soldier and athlete]).
“Confident” is the proper translation of
καταίσχυντος.  In Classical Greek, this means devoid of modesty, then confident (Montanari).  There is a certain cockiness required of an immodestly attired person, but in our hymns this brazenness is transformed into a pious certainty.  Lampe does define this word as “that cannot be put to shame,” but such a wordy and ambiguous expression has no place in our hymns.

Ode IV. 
Turmoil.”  The text reads τόν τάραχο.  Kontopoulos admits τάραχος, but politely refers the reader to see ταραχή.

Ode VI.
In view of the fact that the last troparion does not address the Mother of God, it may be supposed that the theotokion was lost at some point.  (The theotokion is the last troparion in an ode.)  My source for this canon bravely supplies the refrain for the theotokion.
“Do not despise us our petitions but deliver us from dangers” is my reconstruction of μή παρίδης μς κινδύνων (lit., do not despise us of dangers).  This appears to be a slip for μ παρίδης μς τος θλίως κινδυνεύοντας (do not despise us wretched sinners who are in danger [from the theotokion of Ode IV above]) or a reminiscence of the Akathist (ς χουσα τ κράτος προσμάχητον, κ παντοίων με κινδνων λευθρωσον as one who has irresistible might, deliver me from all kinds of dangers).

Ode VII. 
“Abiding” is conjectural for
περιπολεύων.  περιπολεύω means to wander around, to roam etc.  However, πολεύων means to keep guard (Donnegal) or dwell (Schrevelius).  If περι- is used to mean near or simply to touch up the verb with a perfective aspect, then my conjecture is tolerable. 

Sunday, May 14, 2023

THE SUPPLICATORY CANON TO THE MOST-HOLY MOTHER OF GOD, OUR PROTECTOR A poem by St. Gerasimos, monk of Little Anne’s Skete.

Ode I

Irmos.  After crossing the sea as if it were dry ground and escaping the wickedness of Egypt, the Israelite cried out:  Let us sing to God, our redeemer.

Since you bore the savior and creator, you always protect from manifold dangers those who approach your divine icon, for you alone save us, O Virgin.

Having acquired your very august icon as true and heavenly wealth, Patmos magnifies you decorously.

Deem them who trust firmly in your intercession to be worthy of finishing purely a peaceful and stable life, enjoying good health and performing holy works.

In every grievous sorrow, always give us your speedy help and fill our minds with joy and gladness, our Protector.

 

Ode III

Irmos.  O Lord, who covered the vault of the sky with a roof and built the church:  Confirm me in your love, O summit of desires, support of the faithful and only merciful one.

You, as our sympathetic queen, protect unceasingly those who call on your divine name in affliction, O Protector; wherefore, we proclaim your protection and fervent defence.

Curing passions that are difficult to deal with, O Queen, the salvific power of your wondrous icon goes before those who amid dangers 
celebrate it and drives away every threat of our enemies.

Your wonderworking icon truly has appeared as a spring of holiness in Patmos, all-pure Virgin, purifying and saving all who hasten to it, O Maiden who protects us.

All-pure Virgin, give salvation, bodily health, strength and healing of the passions and deliverance from every disease and affliction to those who reverently venerate your divine icon, with which you have favored us.

Since you, O Queen, have been fittingly called our protector, protect those who seek out your divine protection from all harm, malice and affliction.

Prayer after Ode III.

Fervent Intercession
Patmos mystically exults in you, O Virgin and protector, and honors your icon, for from it she receives the favors of your munificent benevolence, and she ever proclaims your miracles, pure Virgin.

 

Ode IV

Irmos.  I have heard, O Lord, the mystery of your dispensation; I have meditated on your works and glorified your divinity.

O Virgin most highly favored by God, strengthen us in virtuous works and ask for the forgiveness of the sins of those who run fervently to your protection.

You who are afflicted by sufferings, run to the icon of our Protector, so that you may receive healing of both soul and body.

The divine glory of your icon flashes like lightning beyond all brightness, our Protector, and drives away the black night of the passions.

When the bound captive saw you, he was immediately set free, joyously magnifying your great miracle, O Maiden.

 

Ode V

Irmos.  Illumine us with your commandments, O Lord, and by your lofty arm grant us your peace, O merciful God.

Protect us beneath your fervent protection, O Virgin, from all kinds of attacks of the deceiver, protecting us from every affliction.

Every pious Christian approaching your icon, our Protector, is filled with joy and proclaims your salvific favor.

You heard the voice of a suffering woman, pure Virgin, and having come up in a hidden manner, you appeared and set her free from her disease, O Queen.  

O our Protector, when we only say your august name with fervent faith, we are quickly delivered from afflictions which suddenly come upon us.

 

Ode VI

Irmos.  I will pour out my supplication to the Lord and to him will I declare my afflictions, for my soul has been filled with troubles and my life has approached Hades, so like Jonah I pray:  Raise me up from death, O God.

O Virgin, as you are holier than the angels, purify our hearts of base and materialistic thoughts, for we fall down and venerate your divine icon which ever pours forth grace and mercy, O Protector.

You heal the pains of bodies and souls, O Protector and Maiden, as in Egypt you rescued the endangered young man from death by your awesome authority, O Virgin that is worthy of all praise.

Deliver with your speedy visitation those distressed by difficult dangers and afflicted by terrible diseases; always give physical help to those near and far, in accordance with your title, O Queen.

Your divine and shining temple is seen as a flower-bearing garden, where as a flower of life your icon is fragrant with your beneficial deeds, wherefore Patmos hastens fearfully to your protection, our Protector.

 

Prayers after Ode VI.

Kontakion in Tone 2.  By the streams of your blood.
By your fittingly named title of Protector, all-pure Virgin, as a treasury of inexhaustible kindness, deliver us from every difficult situation and from the attacks of the crafty destroyer of man, for we faithfully glorify you.

Far-famed Patmos by your divine goodwill has freely acquired your wondrous icon as a source of happiness that cannot be taken away, O Maiden, for you furnish from it your favors to all who ask.  We truly properly call it our protector, for it saves from afflictions those who run to it in faith.  Wherefore, pure Virgin, ever give us your help and manifest to us your splendidly generous protection.

 

Ode VII

Irmos.  The youths from Judea, having come to Babylon of old, by their faith in the Trinity trampled down the flame of the furnace, chanting, O God of our fathers, blessed are you.

You gave strength, O Maiden, to the suffering woman; so, also, heal now our diseases by your authority, O Virgin and Protector, and furnish to us your beneficence in this life.

Your grace, O Virgin, spreading out everywhere saves all men; therefore, those who have obtained your kindnesses hasten, O Protector, to your holy temple, hymning your glory.

Patmos has found a great prize—your august icon, O Queen.  Therefore she enjoys the wealth of your favor and ever extols your many miracles with grateful voices.

Divinely favored Virgin, always rescue those who in faith fall down and venerate your divine icon from terrible drought and the hurricane of passions, and from every misfortune, mischief, madness and corruption.

 

Ode VIII

Irmos.  The king of Heaven whom the hosts of angels hymn, hymn and exalt him above all forever.

Deliver me from deadly malice, as you preserved from certain death those who fell before your icon in faith.

As you grant by your invisible presence requests to those who invoke you, so also give even to me help from Heaven.

As you cured thoroughly the pupils of the body, so open the eye of my soul, so that I may see the light of the divine commandments.

O Virgin, grant strength to the ailing and refreshment to the oppressed who in faith ask for your divine assistance.

 

Ode IX

Irmos.  O Mother of God, we who have been saved through you fittingly confess you, and with the incorporeal choirs we magnify you, pure Virgin.

Do not cease watching over this island of yours, for it possesses your divine icon as a safe refuge, O Protector.

Like a cloud of life, you daily cause immaterial rain to fall on those who take refuge in your kindness, O Maiden.

Crush the evil serpent which creeps in deceitfully against us, O Protector, and protect our life in peace.

We fittingly hymn, O Full of Grace, your immeasurable grace, which you never fail to give to us.

 


NOTES FOR THE CIRCUMSPECT

My thanks to Zoilus, my Greek editor, and eagle-eyed Aeteia, the Lawfully Wedded, who once again saved me from sinking just as I was pulling into harbor.

Source:  https://www.proseyxi.com/paraklisi-eis-tin-panagia-tin-diasozousa/.

Ode I.  
“You always protect” is διασωζεις.  Διασωζω can also be translated as preserve, maintain (Great Scott); save, heal, cure (Schrevelius); conduct, guide (Sophocles); rescue, deliver (Kyriakides).  The reader is invited to decide which verb he prefers.  Montanari offers save.  In Greek, no such choice has to be made; the native speaker of ancient Greek would unconsciously pick out the relevant nuance.  I settled on protector.  The reader may address her as he prefers.
“The savior and creator” may seem objectionable, but the rules of English capitalization are clear:  proper nouns are capitalized and common nouns are not.  In “the savior and creator,” we have two nouns modified by “the,” so they cannot be proper nouns.  When we address the savior, we would write, “O Savior,” because then it is a proper noun.  Keep in mind that neither Hebrew nor Syriac even have capital letters.  Attributing to capital letters a theological significance is a mistake.
“Decorously” is a translation of εύσήμως as a scribal error for εύσχήμως.  The first word, which is found in the text, means evidently or distinctly.  The second word means decorously, in a dignified way (Montanari) or decently, honorably, with grace and dignity (Great Scott).  It makes no sense to me to say “Patmos magnifies the Mother of God evidently, distinctly.”

Ode III.  
“Power” is an admittedly loose translation of χάρις.  I justify my translation by appealing to Harrison’s discussion of the constellation of χάρις, which includes themes very familiar to readers of canons—glory, wealth, mystery and power.  In particular, Harrison quotes C. Spicq asnoting that “in Paul’s epistles χάρις and δύναμις are frequently synonymous (James R. Harrison, Paul’s Language of Grace in its Graeco-Roman Context [Wipf & Stock, 2017; prev. Mohr Siebeck, 2003], p. 243).

I also note that “scholars generally assume that χάρις, in epinician poetry, has a broad semantic range that includes splendor, glory, charm, favor, ode, grace, gratitude, and service” (Chris Eckerman, in his abstract of his “Χάρις in the Epinician Odes of Pindar and Bacchylides” [https://classicalstudies.org/%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%82-epinician-odes-pindar-and-bacchylides]).  That our hymnographical canons are indeed epinician may be for the moment established by two observations.  The first is that our hymnographers, like the poets, were concerned largely with praising their heroes in a public context.  The second is that our hymnographers and the Greek poets share a list of common vocabulary and concerns:  invocation, prayer, vaunting/boasting, entreating, entreaty, supplication.  (For details, please see Wells, James Bradley. 2010. Pindar's Verbal Art: An Enthnographic Study of Epinician Style. Hellenic Studies Series 40. Washington, DC:  Center for Hellenic Studies, available at http://nrs.harvard.edu/
urn-3:hul.ebook:CHS_WellsJ.Pindars_Verbal_Art.2010
), from which I gratefully draw this list.
  Long ago St. Basil secured a solid theory justifying secular learning in the Christian education; I do not doubt that the odes of Pindar and Bacchylides were somewhere on the reading list of some hymnographers, whereby the vocabulary and conventions entered into the common fund of all hymnographers.

Prayers Between 3rd & 4th Odes.
“Benevolence” renders εύνοία, which can also mean affection or good will.

Ode VI.  
“Purify” is not the translation of καθαγίασον, which means “consecrate.”  I believe that the word intended is καθάγνισον.  It makes more sense to purify our hearts of base and materialistic thoughts than it does to consecrate our hearts of base and materialistic thoughts.

THE PASCHAL CANON

Ode I.   Eirmos.   It is the day of the Resurrection!   Let us be radiant, ye peoples!   It is Pascha—the Lord’s Pascha!   For Christ our ...